Total in Burma : the yadana pipeline project

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Presentation by Total of the Yadana gas development project and the supporting Socio-Economic Program in Burma. Total also responds to criticism of its presence in a country whose military regime shows little concern for human rights and where forced labor has not been eradicated.

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	Human Rights in Myanmar



	Oil and Gas in Myanmar



	A Project Benefiting Myanmar and Thailand



	The Pipeline Region and Its Inhabitants



	Total in Myanmar at a glance



			Yadana, an industrial development project in Myanmar
				(PDF 3.06Mo)

			Total in Myanmar, download the web site contents
				(PDF 591Ko)





			Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise (MOGE)


	Oil and Gas in Myanmar

Myanmar is one of the world's oldest oil producers, exporting its first barrel in 1853. Rangoon Oil Company, the first foreign oil company to drill in the country, was created in 1871. Between 1886 and 1963, the country's oil industry was dominated by Burmah Oil Company (BOC), which discovered the Ychaugyaung field in 1887 and the Chauk field in 1902. Both are still in production.

The oil and gas industry was nationalized after a socialist-leaning military regime seized power in 1962. As in many other countries, the State assumed ownership of the resources, either operating them itself or delegating this task to private operators, who were paid for their outlay and work in oil or gas under production sharing contracts (PSCs).

The linchpin of oil and gas policy in Myanmar is the Ministry of Energy, which has oversight for three state-owned enterprises:

Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise (MOGE), created in 1963, is responsible for oil and gas exploration and production, as well as domestic gas transmission through a 1,200-mile onshore pipeline grid.

Myanma Petrochemical Enterprise (MPE) operates three small refineries, four fertilizer plants and a number of other processing plants.

Myanma Petroleum Products Enterprise (MPPE) is responsible for retail and wholesale distribution of petroleum products.

Since nationalization, the country's oil policy has gone through two distinct periods:

From 1962 to 1988, oil exploration and production were mainly performed by MOGE; foreign operators were kept out by a strict nationalistic policy and the lack of an appropriate legal framework.

In 1988, Myanmar passed foreign investment legislation and began relying on outside technology and capital to revive its oil and gas industry.

In 2007, nine foreign oil companies (Myanmar Petroleum Resources Ltd, Focus Energy Ltd, Westburne, China National Offshore Oil Corporation, China National Petrochemical Corporation, Sinopec, Essar, Goldpetrol and a representative of the Kalmik republic) are involved in 16 onshore blocks to explore new areas (EP blocks), to enhance recovery from existing fields (IOR blocks), to reactivate fields where production has been suspended (RFS blocks) and to produce (PSCs).

For the offshore area, Total, Petronas Carigali Myanmar, Daewoo, PTT-EP, China National Offshore Oil Corporation, China National Petrochemical Corporation, Essar, Gail and Rimbunam (Malaysia) are exploring and/or developing 29 blocks.

It should be noted that Myanmar authorities intensified the opening of blocks to foreign companies since the end of 2004.

Myanmar’s oil output is small and gas is taking over from oil. Myanmar produces around 170, 000 barrels of oil equivalent per day, of which 90% is accounted for by gas.


	Gas (mmscfd)	Oil + condensates (bpd)
Onshore	130	10,000
Offshore	Yadana: 700 Yetagun: 450	13,000 (condensates)